What is C++?

C++ is a programming language which is an extension of the C language. C++ allows us to write programs that can run on different platforms, such as Windows, Linux, and macOS. C++ also supports multiple programming paradigms, such as procedural, object-oriented, generic, and functional programming. C++ is widely used for developing software systems, applications, video games, and performance-critical software.

What is Object Oriented Programming?

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a way of designing and writing software programs that is based on the idea of objects. Objects are entities that have data and behavior, which can be used to model real-world things or concepts. For example, a car object can have data such as color, model, speed, and behavior such as start, stop, accelerate, etc. OOP allows you to create reusable and modular code that can be easily maintained and extended.

What are the Features of Object Oriented Programming?

Classes:

A class is a blueprint or template that defines the data and behavior of a type of object.

Objects:

An object is an instance or example of a class. You can create multiple objects of the same class, each with its own data and behavior. For example, we can create a class called Animal, and then create objects of that class such as dog, cat, lion, etc.

Abstraction:

Abstraction is the process of hiding the unnecessary or complex details of an object from the outside world, and only showing the essential or relevant information. Abstraction helps us to focus on what an object does, rather than how it does it. For example, when we use a TV remote, we only need to know which buttons to press to change the channel or volume, but we don't need to know how the remote communicates with the TV internally.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is the mechanism of wrapping or bundling the data and behavior of an object together, and protecting them from being accessed or modified by other objects. Encapsulation ensures that only the object itself can control its data and behavior, and that other objects can only interact with it through predefined methods or functions. Encapsulation also provides security and data integrity for an object.

Inheritance:

Inheritance is the ability of a class to inherit or acquire the data and behavior of another class. The class that inherits is called the subclass or child class, and the class that is inherited from is called the superclass or parent class. Inheritance allows us to reuse existing code and avoid duplication. It also allows us to create more specific or specialized classes from more general or abstract classes. For example, we can create a subclass called Dog from a superclass called Animal, and inherit its data and behavior such as name, age, eat, sleep, etc.

Polymorphism:

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take different forms or behaviors depending on the context or situation. Polymorphism allows you to use a single name or symbol to refer to different objects or methods that have different implementations or functionalities.